This information is not intended to create, and receipt or viewing does not create, an attorney-client relationship. Insulated concrete forms (ICFs), like Fox Blocks, offer a third and better wall system, capable of maintaining its integrity during heavy winds of over 200 mph. the walls insulation value to R-7.1. 127 0 obj <> endobj The value of 328 lb/ft (4787 N/m) represents the uniformly distributed load which, when considered to be applied over the full height of the pilaster, will approximate the actual load transmitted to the pilasters by the adjacent walls under the design conditions. Framing in walls will always reduce the effectiveness of the The standard covers structural design requirements for these shelters, as well as requirements for ventilation, lighting, sanitation, egress and re safety. In addition to these requirements, ICC-500 denes requirements for tie-down to the foundation and adequate foundation sizing to resist the design overturning and uplift forces. The floor system transfers the loads to the shear walls of the floors underneath or the foundation. may be the most reliable, impact-resistant option when its properly installed, Vmax = maximum shear, lb/ft (N/m) S = section modulus, in./ft (m/m) The engineer will use the masonry weight in the shelter design to resist overturning. And since that reduces your need for insurance, many insurance companies will offer discounted rates on your home insurance policy. And since the wind speed can rise with climate change and natural disasters, you need to plan out a future-proof home. *The verdict or settlement of your own case will depend upon its particular facts. hXmO8+:5qR_[na({%\V'N6mZ]E<30 %L1FXc-qB 7&WDDHCHhaF!D@Q\ )^` P9h$JXfmAJED5q314Is(nK$*aQH'!wO~qx>g0c;'xszgg,Y)e2:=M^. a0@{|/ipu}IX0Lajo/YgHCk"uu]r]c/h2orN=_j1OYoM/Qg24{2FKA/}O8 YI9gqI1O;"0J),}oGh)@%-fUqK91">(Y1~ Proper nails or fasteners need to be used with manufacturer w = uniformly distributed wind load, psf (Pa) Unfortunately, the same cannot be said about other pieces, such as wood studs and lighted decks. The concrete masonry walls tested at Texas Tech were tested at the most stringent of the ICC-500 wind speeds and impact requirements, as follows. 2023 Attainable Home | Attainable Media, LLC | All Rights Reserved, How to Turn Off Your Hot Water Heater (or Add a Timer). When the big bad wolf came, only the house One way to avoid this is to keep them elevated. wp = uniform lateral load which approximates the actual wind load transmitted by the walls to the pilasters or cross walls, lb/ft of height (N/m) The strength of Fox Blocks resists lateral twisting of the structure and damage to non-structural elements, and Fox Blocks ICFs will maintain their integrity against severe winds and dangerous flying debris. 4 (M #13) reinforcing bars were placed perpendicular to the joists, at 8 in. R,D builders know this, but steel has still never really caught on, mostly due to its Home X: Can A Cinder Block House Withstand A Tornado? and increased environmental awareness have renewed interest in passive homes, many homeowners are still unsure if the energy savings warrant the extra effort needed to design and build such a house. Ceilings and other horizontal surfaces must withstand impact from the same projectile propelled a 25 mph (40 km/h). 4K views, 161 likes, 14 loves, 55 comments, 7 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from TV3 Ghana: #News360 || 30-04-23 . A wind-resistant house must include a solid continuous load path that keeps the roof, walls, floors, and foundation together. Design and Construction Guidance for Community Shelters, FEMA 361. Otherwise, get your next home improvement project off to an efficient start with our free online block calculator! Category 5 hurricanes are very dangerous, as they cause immense property damage and can even be life-threatening. In each case, the debris traveled completely through the wall assembly with little or no damage to the missile. The reason why wood-framed houses dont provide much protection from debris is that they only consist of drywall sheeting mounted on wooden frames and filled with fiberglass insulation. carrier, dont hesitate to reach out to a professional like an independent These curves are based on the assumption that the moment of inertia and modulii of elasticity of the walls will be the same in both the horizontal and vertical directions. hurricane-resistant materials, you as the owner can still do a lot to reinforce We're happy to say that it's still possible. Sections of either interior or exterior residence walls that are used as walls of the safe room must be separated from the structure of the residence so that failure of the residence, which is designed for a much lower loading, will not result in a failure of the safe room. A strong continuous load path manages the energy or forces of the wind, dissipating the loads and holding the roof, walls, floors, and foundation together during severe winds of over 100 mph. As already determined, the horizontal span carries 91% of the wind load. Following Hurricane Francese, which made landfall on September 5, 2004, on Hutchinson Island, Florida researchers at Texas Tech University and Haag Engineering Company visited the affected area to assess how wind uplifts and flying debris affected 3-tab and architectural asphalt roofing shingles. We also participate in other affiliate programs which compensate us for referring traffic. According to The Concrete Producer magazine, Oklahoma is in an area of the country where resilient construction methods are recommended in fact, 73 percent of all U.S. housing starts in 2014 will be in such areas. Concrete Block Saves You Money Even if your home was framed with wood, it should have been built with the necessary straps and fasteners to bolster its structural integrity. "Opting to build your house with concrete instead of wood will immediately give you a home with greater impact resistance, specifically to withstand winds of up to 250 miles per hour," says Todd Blyth at Nudura, a leading name in the supply of insulated concrete forms. You can ensure the rebars dont rust and weaken your homes cement foundation by taking preventive measures. Stripped and broken trees resemble skeleton hands reaching up from the mud and gravel. Is it right for you? These materials are strong, wind-resistant, and easy to maintain. Assuming that the flexural resistance and rigidity of the walls in both the vertical and horizontal spans are known, the lateral load capacity and the proportion of the lateral load transmitted vertically and horizontally to the edge supports will depend on the restraint developed at the edges, the horizontal to vertical span ratio of the panel, and the distribution of the loads applied to the wall panels. ICF walls have the added benefit of regulating interior temperatures, reducing heating bills, and insulating your house from outside noise. A pilaster is a thickened wall section or vertical support built contiguous with and forming a part of the masonry wall. Engineered Wood Siding: Light, flexible, and moisture-resistant. Hurricane Dorian reached wind speeds of up to 183 mph. Kitchen said that another barrier to more widespread adoption of cement block exterior framing is contractors have a learning curve on any new product. But he and his crews have found that its a change, sure, but really not a big one., Kitchen and Lenz agreed that plumbers, electricians and other craftspeople might be scared of it at first, but you learn quick.. If built well, they can also withstand category 4 and above. Toll Free:866-222-2575 | Fax:831-597-0792 installed if the roofing material is going to be applied correctly. Investigation of Wind Projectile Resistance of Concrete Masonry Walls and Ceiling Panels with Wide Spaced reinforcement for Above Ground Shelters, NCMA Publication MR 21. The moment and shear developed in the pilasters as a result of this load will depend on the assumed top and bottom support conditions for the pilaster. The formulas given in Figure 2 can be used to calculate the maximum moment and shear on a pilaster after wp and thesupport conditions for the pilaster have been determined. The frame walls lacked the weight and mass to resist the impact of the wind-driven debris. Clay is another strong contender, potentially being able to Correctly installed and to code, most siding materials should remain intact during 100 mph winds. For about $2,000 more, a house can be outfitted (or retrofitted) with a safe room built to specifications of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Roofing staples arent even Such analysis involves a knowledge of the magnitude and distribution of the wind force to various elements of a masonry structure and the flexural and shear strength of these elements. Natural disasters such as tornadoes and hurricanes can be dangerous or even life-threatening. higher utility costs in the long run. negotiate on your behalf. Can a block house survive a tornado? The frame walls failed to stop the penetration of airborne hazards. By the time you add a 4-inch brick or stone exterior veneer to these 8-inch blocks, then a layer of insulation and drywall inside, youre looking at walls 16 inches thick, Seeliger said. Ninety-five percent of houses in Florida are built like this, said Lenz, who will be at the house Saturday and Sunday from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. to show the site and answer questions. In addition to the confidence it takes to build in or near the destructive track of at least two powerful tornadoes, a local builder is meeting the challenge with resilient construction technology designed to withstand killer winds. A Category 5 hurricane-proof log house is resistant to winds up to 245 miles per hour (394 km/h). However, building wind-resistance homes can cost about 7 to 9 percent more than less wind-resistant structures. (152-mm) concrete masonry walls with No. Category 5 is the most severe hurricane category. For example, rusted rebars can weaken your houses structural integrity. The block fill estimator calculates the volume of fill needed for a specified number of concrete blocks. The choice of lawyer is an important decision and should not be based solely upon advertisements. Taking Shelter From the Storm: Building a Safe Room Inside Your House, FEMA 320. They are water-resistant and come with high durability. FEMA (ref. to steel. From Figure 1, it was determined that for Case 1-A with span ratio of 1.5, approximately 91% of the wind load is transmitted in the horizontal span. These conditions will more than satisfy the less stringent requirements for hurricane shelters. Even at the top of the Crescent Coast, in western Taylor County, the code assumes that the highest wind gust one might observe on average in a 700-year period is about 120 mph. Prior to the publication of ICC-500, builders and homeowners seeking storm shelter guidance have used the FEMA 320 publication Taking Shelter From the Storm: Building Safe Room Inside Your House, the FEMA 361 publication Design and Construction Guidance for Community Shelters, and the NCMA publication Concrete Masonry Tornado Safe Rooms (refs. The shelter should be accessible from all areas of the house and should be free of clutter to provide immediate shelter. Insulated concrete blocks (or forms) provide the best protection from windblown debris, to a home and its occupants during 100 mph winds. Category II Homes must withstand wind speeds of 170 mph up to 175 mph. Read More What is the R-Value of Spray Foam Insulation? E&*`64$9@Ht9)@ l Even though cinder blocks are hollow and lighter than cement, they create a sturdy foundation that violent winds cannot easily knock off. A passive house isnt only energy-efficient but also comfortable. Fax: 831-597-0792, 2004-2020 BuildBlock Building Systems, LLC All Rights Reserved. Florida home If youre trying to save money, you could turn it off when its not needed or install a timer. A 26 wood All-Concrete Home Withstands 300 MPH Winds, proved by model. Read More Radiant Floor Heating vs. Forced-Air: Which Do You Choose?Continue, Your email address will not be published. "EZp. the layout of a roof, can either promote structural integrity or hinder it. Additionally, its R-value could influence your insulation decision process. "The cost is very low on these," Rettig said, pointing to metal rods in the walls. The average wind speed during a hurricane is between 100 and 150 mph, while the average wind speed during a tornado can range from 40 to 300 mph, depending on the intensity.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'homebyfour_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_12',145,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-homebyfour_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); Concrete houses can usually withstand wind speeds up to 250 miles per hour. (813 mm) o.c. Kitchen said that the Brent Drive house will feature a brick veneer exterior with shingle accents. General design considerations for storm shelters include: ICC-500 denes design tornado wind speeds across the United States, and hurricane design wind speeds for applicable coastal areas. The test was to hurl these projectiles at the highest possible speed at small wall sections. 0 The floor of a wind-resistant house ensures the loads reach the foundation and, ultimately, the ground. options. A safe room built within the home . your home. 1st Time Homebuyer, Home Building, House Hunting, If you live in an area that frequently gets tornadoes or hurricanes, the safety of yourself and your home during one of these natural disasters is probably of great concern to you. Use hurricane ties to create strong connections between the roof and walls. connections between building elements must be strong enough to resist the design wind loads. Additional design information includes: Section modulus, S = 159.9 in./ft (0.009 m/m) The Strength of Concrete Block It can withstand winds up to 250 miles per hour and provide extra security during hurricanes, tornadoes and even earthquakes. How Much Does It Cost to Build a House In San Antonio, Texas? Therefore, the size of the roof sheathing and framing must comply with the wind forces of the region. Selecting the appropriate value for K from the curve given for Case 1-A and a wall length-to-height ratio of 18/12 or 1.50, the wind load per foot of height to be carried by the pilasters, wp, may be calculated as follows: wp = Kwd X wp = (0.91) (20 psf) (18 ft) = 328 lb/ft (4787 N/m) resistant than wood, all builders in Florida are required to construct homes Their interlocking ability makes ICFs the best way to protect house walls. The Debris Impact Facility at Texas Tech ran an experiment to re-enact a hurricane-like situation. Both factors are essential for withstanding natural disasters such as hurricanes and tornadoes. resistance is related to the quality of its installation. Floor heating, also referred to as radiant floor heating, is a fantastic home trend in new homes and renovations focusing on comfortable, clean, design-led living. 140-mph range, but many of the experts still crown metal roofing as the king of Share it with your network here: There are a couple of reasons that you might want to turn off your hot water heater. Another way is to keep galvanized rebars away from wooden materials and uncoated rebars, which can encourage corrosion. Radiant Floor Heating vs. Forced-Air: Which Do You Choose? A concrete house must have walls that are at least 12-16 inches thick to withstand the extreme winds and projectile debris that come with tornadoes and hurricanes. As its been made clear by research, cements performance and strength stand best against hurricanes and strong winds. Paul Cataldo: Can Concrete & ICF Homes Really Survive Hurricanes? Corresponding walls and ceilings must withstand impact from a 15 lb (6.8 kg) wooden 2 x 4, propelled at 100 mph (161 km/h) and 67 mph (108 km/h), respectively. You do not have access to www.concreteconstruction.net. For a concrete house to withstand a category five hurricane, it must be built on solid bedrock and stand at an elevation of at least 30 feet. If you live in an area where F5 tornadoes are possible, you may be wondering if your concrete house can withstand one. Cloudflare is currently unable to resolve your requested domain. Sorry, there was a problem submitting your form. Read More Passive Houses: How Energy-Efficient Are They? higher cost and lower insulation value. These types of homes are built with concrete and steel rebar. These tests used a criterion of a 9-pound missile traveling about 34 miles per hour. These blocks can tolerate over 250 mph winds (402.34 kph), making them a beast against any natural disaster. X = horizontal span of wall, from center to center of pilasters or cross walls, ft (m). The walls offer more than twice the strength of concrete- block walls (5000 psi compared to 2000-2400 psi) and minimize seams through which moisture can penetrate. Assuming that the wall weighs 50 lb/ft (2394 N/m): This results in a net axial compressive stress of 7 psi (48.3 Pa). There was a time in Florida where if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'homebyfour_com-banner-1','ezslot_6',149,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-homebyfour_com-banner-1-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'homebyfour_com-banner-1','ezslot_7',149,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-homebyfour_com-banner-1-0_1');.banner-1-multi-149{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. = 328 lb/ft (4787 N/m). The home's building components must protect against flying debris during an intense wind event. See below for a fully worked example where we demonstrate how you can use the concrete block calculator to work out how many concrete blocks are needed and the total cost of the building project. Things to Know, Is Dallas a Dog-Friendly City? Proper floor plans, which ultimately affect Concrete is a solid home-building material, as its very resistant to extreme weather such as hurricanes and tornadoes. TEK 5-11, Residential Details for High-Wind Areas (ref. Extreme windstorms, such as hurricanes and tornadoes, can pose a serious threat to buildings and their occupants in many parts of the country. Every case is different and must be judged on its own merits. claim payment after the storm and the insurance company tries to argue about Lets say you want to commission professional construction workers to build you a concrete home. but wood or vinyl may outperform it in a scenario where the siding was shoddily Standard on the Design and Construction of Storm Shelters, ICC-500. The area is northwest of S Santa Fe Avenue and SW 149 (SW 19 in Moore). A robust continuous path requires shear walls of significant integrity to stand up to severe winds and flying debris. Instead of a big bad wolf weve got hurricanes which are However, hurricane wind velocities will be less than the equivalent maximum speeds modeled in these tests, meaning that your ICF home is ready to handle any hurricane. Some previous references recommend the use of concrete to ll the masonry cores, rather than grout, but this is contrary to the building code and is highly discouraged. steel was The study found damage to 13 percent of the architectural shingles, but 56 percent of the 3-tab shingles. "By the time you add a 4-inch brick or stone exterior veneer to these 8-inch blocks, then a layer of insulation and drywall inside, you're looking at walls 16 inches thick," Seeliger said. The strength and durability of concrete walls formed with ICFs offer unmatched high-wind resistance which means better protection from severe weather. endstream endobj 128 0 obj <> endobj 129 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageB/ImageI]/Properties<>/MC1<>>>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 130 0 obj <>stream Hence, these storms require residents to either evacuate the area or seek protection in dedicated shelters. A study by the Portland Cement Association concluded that homes built with reinforced concrete walls are more capable of withstanding the high winds and debris brought on by hurricanes and tornadoes than those built with other materials, including steel and wood. Typically, floor framing consists of dimensional lumber or floor joists spanning an open area. It can be very challenging to plan out a hurricane-proof home, but choosing concrete and cinder block as the foundation can save you from future worries during natural disasters. The cost of building a concrete house in Florida will depend on a number of factors such as the size, design, and location of the home. Contact Fox Blocks today for more information on building a house to withstand 100 mph winds. than wood or vinyl, making it somewhat fireproof and even waterproof. The site owner may have set restrictions that prevent you from accessing the site. A concrete house must have walls that are at least 12-16 inches thick to withstand the extreme winds and projectile debris that come with tornadoes and hurricanes. While steel and concrete are both going to be more wind resistant than wood, all builders in Florida are required to construct homes that can withstand 140 mph winds. Houses with reinforced concrete walls can withstand wind speeds of over 200 miles per hour and flying debris traveling over 100 miles per hour. A concern with roof performance in strong wind events, is winds blowing over the roof's edge which produce a vacuum and uplifting pressures that can tear the roofing membrane or system off a house. Solidly grouted 6-in. Calculation of wind load all depends on construction, the thickness of walls, and the overall strength of the wind. Ozinga: Concrete and Natural Disasters: What You Need to Know, Nova grappler: The Advantages of Concrete Block Construction in Southwest Florida. So, what kind of advantages do these concrete-enforced homes come with? According to research, concrete, cinder, and block homes are hurricane-resistant and can survive storms without much structural damage. All weight classes of concrete masonry meet the strength and impact-resistance requirements. comes knocking? Florida areas, and theyre much more fire resistant than wood. The experiment included two types of projectileswood and steel. In an emergency, youll want to turn it off right away. Analyzing different types of houses to get a rough idea of how resistant to wind that type of house is Concrete houses are one of the most resistant houses in front of strong winds They are strong, and robust enough to withstand the damaging impact of most flying debris, one of the greatest's danger during hurricanes and tornadoes. The lesson of the fable is one that Floridians can 3. Can a house survive a F5 tornado? Since these walls dont allow in excess humidity and moisture, mold or mildew will not deteriorate your homes foundation from within. 2023 NATIONAL CONCRETE MASONRY ASSOCIATION. the ICC-500 slab reinforcement requirements are waived if the slab dead load is not required to resist overturning. Hip roofs with multiple, 30-degree slopes perform better under wind forces than less expensive gable roofs (2 slopes). The Brent Drive house features not only wind resistance, but also greater insulation ratings and increased water impermeability from the stacked concrete blocks. ICF Specialist: What is ICF Construction? Increasingly wild and unpredictable weather events demand that builders and designers construct safe housing that is resilient to winds of 100 miles per hour (mph). Can a house withstand 100 mph winds? Is it Possible to Live in Dallas Without a Car? ICF wall strength also lessens the lateral twists and damage to non-structural elements of a house, like electrical and plumbing. Cathedral gable end walls: Use balloon framing and attach the top plate to roof sheathing at a spacing of 4 inches on center. How Do Concrete and Cinder Block Homes Fare in Hurricanes? If you are planning to move to coastal areas and want a home fortified against natural disasters, you may want to consider concrete or ICF during your home planning. Fox Block ICF wall systems provide your home with superior strength during intense winds. Standard Specication for Grout for Masonry, ASTM C476-07. The IBC mandates a wind-resistant rating for the vinyl siding of 110 mph for structures up to 30 feet high. According to field tests by Texas Tech University, concrete houses can withstand weather damage equivalent to tornadoes and hurricanes while retaining minimal damage. 8, 9), and are considered to provide the maximum or ultimate tornado or hurricane design wind speed at a site. International Code Council, 2003. of bricks remained standing. -Proverbs 24:27. Figure 1 can be used to approximate the proportion of wind load which is transmitted horizontally to pilasters and to calculate the approximate wind load carried by a pilaster. Four walls, three different wall types were constructed to act as the test subjects. Accordingly, ICC-500 allows concrete masonry storm shelters to be constructed within one and two family dwellings on existing slabs on grade without a dedicated foundation, under the following conditions: Requirements for community shelters are similar to those for residential, but require a larger area and additional features in anticipation of sheltering more people. The sections were finished as they would be in a completed home: drywall, fiberglass insulation, plywood sheathing, and exterior finishes of vinyl siding, clay brick, or stucco . Insurance Savings Save as much as 30% on homeowner's insurance with concrete block construction. (178-mm) deep bottom chord bearing steel joists inlled with concrete masonry units andgrout to a nominal 8-in. Note that wind speeds in ICC-500 are much higher than wind speeds in ASCE-7 (ref. According to a report by FEMA, new wood-frame houses constructed according to building codes perform well structurally, in winds up to 1 50 mph, while a steel homes can withstand winds up to 170 mph. A ceiling system using 7-in. The block walls strength comes from internal steel support bars and a vertical concrete pour through the hollow blocks at door and window openings, and at 4-foot intervals around the houses perimeter. Advantages of Cinder Block Homes Against Hurricanes, Mold and Mildew Resistance (Avoiding Rusing), our second netzero home renovation project, ThoughtCo: Concrete Homes What the Research Says. For starters, professional construction personnel raises the rebars over non-metallic surfaces to prevent them from touching the water. '>(r$2J@-Q0d62-:P'X'DnHr|!1]B: MA)jjhyWtg*,*9)@1prCD =o M = moment, in.-lb/ft (Nm/m) To download this file, please fill out this form. buildings offer more protection against hurricane-force winds. A strong, properly constructed roof provides a homes first line of defense against strong winds by transferring the heavy wind loads to the supporting walls below. Jeffrey Seeliger, concrete products manager for Dolese, pointed out an added benefit: reduced utility bills. 1). sandbags over doors vulnerable to flooding, trimming trees away from electrical Since the wall is free at the top and fixed at the base, the maximum moment is: The flexural tensile stress in the vertical span is: This value can be reduced by the dead load stress on the wall at the point of maximum moment. houses of straw, sticks and bricks. With the wall fixed at the ends, the maximum moment, M, in the horizontal span (from Figure 2) is: The flexural tensile stress in the horizontal span, ft, is: The allowable tensile stress for hollow units, Type N mortar, tension parallel to bed joints, was determined to be 50.5 psi (0.35 MPa). 7) or the International Building Code (refs. Fiber Cement Siding: Low-maintenance, resists cracking and breakage during impact, but still may dent. Even if you live in an area with torrential rainfall and daily hurricane warnings, these cinder blocks can ensure that no drop enters your house, keeping the indoors fresh and clean. A Portland Cement Associations (PCA) study compared the structural load resistance of wood and steel framed walls to ICF walls. Analysis of masonry walls is often based on the assumption that lateral loads are transmitted in the vertical direction with no end fixity at the lateral supports. Dont forget to mention these when discussing your homes construction planning with the workers. And how much reinforcement is needed to make concrete and cinder block homes stand strong against storms? endstream endobj startxref Special consideration must be given when retrotting a shelter into an existing home. The reader is referred to the standard (ref. Storm shelters are buildings, or parts of buildings, that are designed and built specically to provide a highly protected space where community members or occupants can seek refuge during these events. Category III Homes must withstand wind speeds of 180 mph up to 185 mph. This greater measure of built-in safety makes ICF construction the quality choice for your new home, safe room, or commercial building. In fact, the concrete walls never even sustained a crack, even with a 2" x 4" wood stud fired at over 100 mph. Let us check out some benefits of owning and living inside ICF homes: Concrete block homes have eight-inch (20.32 cm) blocks. J"q E +[ +`Eou0tO {4vMA) pvHTuLB4B`1D=6621]h .lBAI|E.idHRP2Pjy)TQ/x@MY`U2FDzsL%e 1"`nNRp6Z&8T,462jYg~-8[&!UHxj[:h C%oA[o>B8'}]W\O^3}5\ uUCp;s|,zO! 157 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[127 60]/Info 126 0 R/Length 134/Prev 593065/Root 128 0 R/Size 187/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream This TEK addresses those cases where it is necessary or desirable to undertake a more thorough structural analysis of the lateral wind resistance of a concrete masonry wall or wall-pilaster combination.
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